When are tariffs beneficial?

What is the point of tariffs, in general? Lots of countries have them, to at least a small degree. It's rarer that countries use them to a large degree. Why? My understanding is that there are four main reasons tariffs get put in place: (1) Special interests that benefit from tariffs lobby for them at the expense of everyone else. This is obviously a bad reason to have tariffs. (2) Sometimes countries have an interest in building out capabilities in very specific industries as part of ...
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The Costs and Benefits of Guilds

Photo by Jesse Collins on Unsplash
Written: March 8, 2018 | Released: July 2, 2021 Guilds are common and enormously influential today. We're so used to the way that society is organized that it's easy not to notice what a "guild-based" society we have. While guilds provide major benefits, they also come with societal costs that I think are almost always under-appreciated. What I'm referring to here are professional groups that have achieved a monopoly or near-monopoly on providing a certain type of service. (Note: I'll be ...
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